The Pop Quiz below contains 3 questions from the following knowledge area of the CSCS exam. Failure to correctly answer questions may suggest an area that needs further review.

Exercise Sciences

C. Apply Knowledge of Basic Principles of Biomechanics Regarding Exercise Selection, Execution, and Sport Performance

1. Kinetic laws and principles of movement (lever systems, momentum, torque, power, work, force, center of gravity, impulse, center of pressure, force-velocity curve, force-time curve, etc.)
2. Kinematic laws and principles of movement (anatomical planes of movement, joint angles, isometric/isotonic/isokinetic, velocity, etc)
3. Role of muscles in movement (e.g., agonist, antagonist, synergist, neutralizer, stabilizer)

When answering the questions, please choose the “Best” answer.

1. A volleyball player is performing standing plantar flexion against resistance. Which of the following types of levers occurs at the ball of the foot during this exercise?

 Fourth

 First

 Third

 Second

Platar flexion against resistance is a second class lever. The muscle force (gastrocnemius) and the resistive force (body weight) act on the same side of the fulcrum (ball of foot). This differs from a third class lever because the moment arm of the muscle force (gastrocnemius) is further away from the fulcrum (ball of foot) then the resistive force. (body weight)

2. During freestyle swimming, which of the following muscles acts as a synergist to the deltoid?

 Gracilis

 Infraspinatus

 Brachioradialis

 Sartorius

Muscles that stabilize the scapula act as synergists during upper-arm movement.

3. Which of the following shoulder movements and planes of action are associated with a tennis backhand?

 Adduction/frontal

 Abduction/transverse

 Abduction/frontal

 Adduction/transverse

A tennis backhand would require abduction of the shoulder in the transverse plane.

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